| Crouter, Scott. E., P. L. Schneider, M. Karabulut, and D. R. Bassett, Jr. (2003). Validity of 10 Electronic Pedometers for Measuring Steps, Distance, and Energy Cost. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35 (8), 1455–1460. |
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This article found few of the models counted well at lower speeds (NL-2000, Digi-Walker, and LS 2525 performed well). Several pedometers scored poor intramodel reliability scores (Sportline 345, Oregon Scientific, Walk For Life LS-2525 were the bottom three with scores of .57, .76, and .81 respectively) |
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| Schneider, Patrick L., S. E. Crouter, O. Lukajic, and D. R. Bassett, Jr. (2003). Accuracy and Reliability of 10 Pedometers for Measuring Steps over a 400-m Walk. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35 (10), 1779–1784. |
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The same 10 models as above were tested at self-selected speeds over a 400m walk. Praised for intramodel reliability (>0.99) were the Lifecorder, Omron HJ-105, New-Lifestyles NL-2000, and the Digi-Walker. "The Lifecorder, NL-2000, and Digi-Walker were the only pedometers accurate to be within 3% of the actual steps taken." |
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| Schneider, Patrick L., S. E. Crouter, and D. R. Bassett, Jr. (2004). Pedometer Measures of Free-Living Physical Activity: Comparison of 13 Models. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36 (2), 331-335. |
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Pedometers were tested during normal daily activity and worn for 24 hours. Researchers used the Digi-Walker SW-200 as the criteron pedometer, and again the Lifecorder, New-Lifestyles NL-2000, and Digi-Walker SW-701performed much better than the rest. The authors deemed these "suitable for applied physical activity research." |
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| Melanson, Ed, J. R. Knoll, M. L. Bell, W. T. Donahoo, J.O. Hill, et. al. (2004) Commercially available pedometers: considerations for accurate step counting. Preventive Medicine, 39, 361–368. |
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This study found that suspended lever arm pedometers generally undercounted at lower speeds. The conclusion was that accelerometer-type step counters were more accurate for the elderly and obese. Beware: this article uses two accelerometers: one that is difficult to find; the other is no longer commercially available. It also notes that the Omron HJ-104 and HJ-105 are accelerometers, but they are suspended lever arm pedometers. |
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Thompson, D. L., J. Rakow, and S. M. Perdue (2004). Relationship between Accumulated Walking and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36 (5), 911–914.
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This study found that those deemed inactive (less than 6000 steps per day) had a higher percentage of centrally-located body fat. This visceral fat, it stated, is generally associated with increased risk of health complications. |
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| Swartz, A. M., D. R. Bassett Jr., J. B. Moore, D. L. Thompson, S. J. Strath (2003). Effects of Body Mass Index on the Accuracy of an Electronic Pedometer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24, 588-592. |
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| Tudor-Locke, Catrine, B.E. Ainsworth , R.W. Thompson, C.E. Matthews (2002). Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer measures of free-living physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34 (12), 2045–2051. |
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| Swartz, Ann M., S. J. Strath, D. R. Bassett Jr., B. Moore, B. A. Redwine, M. Groeër, and D. L. Thompson (2003). Increasing daily walking improves glucose tolerance in overweight women. Preventive Medicine, 37, 356–362. |
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| Bassett, David, A. Cureton, and B. Ainsworth (2000). Measurement of daily walking distance-questionnaire versus pedometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (5), 1018-1023. |
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| Baveystock., C., B. Schonhofer, and P. Jones (1999). Correlation between daily pedometer counts, exercise performance dyspnea and health status in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159, A762W. |
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| Rowlands, A., D. Ingledew, and R. Eston (2000). The effect of type of physical activity measure on the relationship between body fatness and habitual physical activity in children: a meta-analysis. Annals of Human Biology, 27 (5), 479-497. |
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